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China set to launch of Mars probe in July

By Masood Sattar Khan
(Pakistan News & Features Services)

 After successful handling of COVID-19, China is back to normal business as it plans to launch first Mars probe between July and August, aiming to complete orbiting, landing and roving in one mission, an expert said in a recent interview with the state broadcaster CCTV in Beijing.

After the launch via China's largest carrier rocket Long March-5, the probe is expected to reach within the gravitational field of Mars next February and it will be captured into orbit around the planet, Bao Weimin, an academic with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, informed. 

He is also the director of the Committee of Science and Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.  
According to Bao, China's Mars probe consists of an orbiter as well as a lander and a rover. The lander and rover will make a soft landing on the surface. 

The Mars rover, which is expected to work on Mars for at least 90 Mars days (more than three months on Earth), will carry out patrol exploration and research on geomorphic landforms of Mars. 

A safe landing on Mars is the most difficult and risky part of the mission, and the lander carrying the rover will be slowed down through four steps, Bao noted. 

The first step, which will last for about 290 seconds, is akin to breaking, slowing down its speed from 4.8 km per second to 460 meters per second. Next, a parachute will be opened and it will take about 90 seconds to lower the speed from 460 meters per second to 95 meters per second. A reverse thrust engine will then be ignited, decelerating the speed to 3.6 meters per second in about 80 seconds. 

After the first three steps, the lander carrying the rover will be about 100 meters above the Mars surface. Hovering in the air, it can observe the surface, adjust its position and select a safe spot to land in an obstacle-avoiding mode. The whole landing process will take about seven to eight minutes, Bao revealed. 

Last November, China had successfully mounted an experiment simulating the process of a probe hovering, avoiding obstacles and descending to land on Mars. 

In April, China announced that its first Mars exploration mission was named Tianwen-1. The name comes from the long poem ‘Tianwen’ meaning Questions to Heaven, written by Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC), one of the greatest poets of ancient China.
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